Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that make it possible to make human life much easier.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to properly prescribed nutrition, diabetes will not affect the overall good and, in addition, the likelihood of various types of complications is reduced, including a heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diets
Diabetes diet is determined, depending on the type of disease and the age category.Therefore, there are general principles for the construction of adequate nutrition, which are adjusted based on individual indicators of the human body.
As it is impossible to cure the disease, reduce danger, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of suitable foods in a clearly specified time is necessary to:
- Reduction of risks of chronic and acute complications;
- Maintain good health and relatively strong immunity;
- prevent a set of overweight or get rid of it;
- Preservation of blood sugar into allowed limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin dependent.Its development is associated with cell injury and death in the pancreas and is responsible for insulin production.
With it, food aims to maintain the insulin therapy process and is an additional method of control over the disease.Its principles are similar to those healthy people adhere to reaching a good figure and well.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.As the treatment of 1 type of diabetes is to take insulin, you need to monitor which percentage in the daily diet is given to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should not exceed 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it also depends on insulin, develops in obese people, so the diet is first.In the early stage of the disease or easy, the meaning is rationally overweight.
When diabetes of this type reaches medium or even severe, in addition to diet, taking drugs designed to reduce blood sugar or insulin levels.It is worth noting that, in these cases, special attention should be given to physical effort.Thanks to them, a problem as obesity can be solved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are the table of 8 and 9 calls.The eighth food table is applicable to those who suffer from overweight or tend to complete.The ninth is taken as a basis when determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet No. 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).It also aims to prevent violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- The calorie content should be reduced using animal fats and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (except sweets and sugar);
- Partial restriction or complete deletion of cholesterol and salt;
- higher consumption of more vitamins and fibers;
- Protein content must be within the standard.
The base of all useful diets, including ninth, is the correct meal.Often, it is necessary to eat in small portions.In total, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Frying tincards should be eaten as little as possible or completely forget them.Firstly, it should be baked and cooked.It is better to develop a menu for a week, because it will be easier to monitor this.A special preference should be given to the following products:
- low fat meat;
- low fish;
- vegetables that do not contain more than 5% carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for spices and eggs, their consumption should be limited.This is especially true for gems.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the diabetes menu, also forbidding pasta and layer pasta, canned vegetables.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all their derivatives.The same applies to fats such as pork, ram and beef.To get the needed fats, you should use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet No. 9 acts as the base used when prescribing the necessary nutrition.Depending on the personal indicators of a person who suffers from diabetes, they are adjusted.There are several types of diets that can be combined and find an appropriate option for yourself.
What is a unit of bread?
Since the meaning of proper nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how this estimated standard is determined, in which it depends on how much and what products you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, calorie content, etc.The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, diabetes nutrition requires greater control over its own daily standard.
To make it easier to determine how much you need to eat this or this product and not go beyond what is allowed, nutritionists have introduced the term "bread unit".The concept is applied in cases where insulin is prescribed diabetic.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be consumed and drink and what is impossible.It makes up your healthy menu based on personal indicators and can also change some products to others that contain carbohydrates.
As a rule, one day a person should consume 18 to 25 units.As there should be five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this value at all times.The main dose should enter the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units consumed, you can paint the menu a day.
How many calories to consume one day?
Diabetes diet requires abandoning many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse foods that allow to normalize sugar levels with what is necessary to lose extra kilo.
The 1st type diabetes power supply aims precisely to correctly calculate how much insulin is required.The caloric content in this case does not play such an important role.It should be monitored so as not to gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes really requires greater control over calories consumed, as it usually develops exactly against the backdrop of obesity.However, it is not worth it to bring them to the calculation to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on individual body indicators.The diet itself should be low, but does not imply a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to eat too much.
When the question arises, which can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe you need to sit in almost just cookies and water.This is categorically impossible.Food should be full, containing vitamins and fiber.
There are several recipes of delicious, satisfactory and useful dishes that will not allow improvement, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.What specific products should be consumed and what approximate number of calories is allowed per day, stipulated with your doctor.
Useful and harmful products
Low diets -carb are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for those who have diagnosed diabetes.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products divided into healthy and harmful to diabetics.
Useful
- all types of vegetables;
- Green (spinach, sour, dill);
- Mushrooms;
- meat and fish (low fat);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately increasing sugar:
- potato;
- cereals;
- masses, including solid varieties;
- Sour products.
Raising the sugar strongly:
- candy;
- honey;
- sugar drinks;
- alcohol;
- grapes and their derivatives;
- Times and salty times.
This division of products is generally accepted and is usually taken as a basis when developing a diabetes menu.But what is useful for one can be harmful to the other.As everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that, to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a rigorous low -calorie diet.But the fact is that it doesn't work.Numerous studies have shown that with a decrease in the caloricity of their diet, except for a constant feeling of hunger for fainting, nervousness and other things, nothing more happens.
With this diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally a few pounds, but if, at the same time, the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, this is all that everything will leave it first.Subcutaneous fats go nowhere and sometimes, on the contrary, will accumulate even more.
The protein diet involves active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fats and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Again, it is impossible to exaggerate with protein and is completely prohibited from dietary fats.The absence of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, it all comes down to a low diet -carbonist again.By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, it is not a rescue -life, but of all presented is the best.Its merit is that all the necessary elements needed to maintain vital activity fall into the body.
Thus, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, there is no need to make deposits.Metabolism begins to function as a clock, there is no chronic feeling of hunger, the symptoms of the disease virtually disappear and a person becomes more active.
Type 1 diabetes diet
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low -carb diet is required.But in this case, it must be rigorous.The table number here does not play a special role, although diet # 9 is often taken as a base.
The problem is that even the action of insulin is very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.This is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain nutrition.The less carbohydrates enter the body, the less insulin needs.
It should be understood that your own diet is interconnected with the personal dose of insulin.Therefore, when developing your menu, you need to take into account the value of the medicine.It is better to paint it during the day to facilitate follow -up.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than the 1st type, diet is needed to get rid of overweight and avoid it in the future.Again, the low carbohydrate diet is also recommended.Obviously, this is an approximate diet that is adjusted.Its meaning in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood, as well as control over insulin resistance.
Some practice carrying several pills for weight loss and treatment with folk remedies.The first should be forgotten in general, because at best, there will be no use of these medicines.
Popular remedies, as a rule, consist of herbal infusions and decoctions.If you really understand the healing plants, it may be possible to do something about it, but that is not worth doing that.
Renal failure
In the context of the disease, renal failure can develop.It should be understood that it is caused not by food protein, as many believe erroneously, but by increased blood sugar.
The active development of this disease is suspended when the level of glucose is normalized.The diet helps this.Diet squirrels are not excluded, but with carbohydrates, you need to work.Proper nutrition, available to ordinary people, may even lead to the fact that the kidneys will recover completely.
However, if the process is brought to the extreme, there will be no return to healthy kidneys.In addition, in this case, the low -carb diet can accelerate the destructive process.In order not to bring this, you need to monitor your condition, and the table created for yourself will help control the energy where insulin dishes and doses are painted if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, it may appear against the background of the fact that there were exceeding flour products, candy, etc.Having discovered the problem in time and starting to solve it correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for several reasons.Constant tensions, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products) and inactivity can cause overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Often, there is a situation where the disease arose during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal background.In addition, a woman during this time can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less rigorous diet acts for pregnant women, who aims to normalize processes in the body and partially reduce weight, but without damage to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes against the background of pregnancy, strict nutrition should be specified only with one specialist.The diet should be adjusted by considering the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding any products, you can harm the born.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops slightly less than in women.This is due to the fact that they have a slightly rapid metabolism.But harmful foods, alcohol addiction and insignificant physical activity will easily lead to this problem.